Many injury settlements estimate non-economic damages by multiplying the economic damages (bills plus lost wages) by a factor, commonly between 1.5 and 5 depending on severity.
The multiplier rises with permanent injury, clear liability, and strong documentation; it falls for soft-tissue injuries, shared fault, or thin medical records.
It is a starting anchor, not a promise — insurers adjust for jurisdiction and comparative fault, so a calculator gives a realistic range to negotiate from.